Final - 1271 Words

Final Exam: Endocrine system case studies UNIT XI: Endocrine Function, Metabolism, and Nutrition Case Studies Case 1 B.J. is a 54-year-old attorney who for several months has been experiencing generalized headaches that have responded poorly to nonnarcotic analgesics. He is also experiencing visual disturbances including blurred vision and double vision. On questioning, B.J. reports that he has gained 20 pounds over 2 years despite no change in activity or eating patterns. About his weight gain, B.J. jokes, â€Å"I guess it’s all in my feet. I had to buy new shoes, and my shoe size went from a size 10 to a size 12.† It was determined that B.J. should have a CT scan of his head to assess for a pituitary adenoma resulting in the†¦show more content†¦Without the presence of this hormone, this could be an indication the patient may have diabetes mellitus. Other signs may include dehydration (increase in water intake, thirsty). 4. B.J. receives subcutaneous 1-deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin (ddAVP) to manage his high urine output. What is the rationale for this therapy? How can effectiveness be assessed? This form of therapy assists with eliminating water molecules within the urine by the binding of V2 receptors, increasing water reabsorption. This results for effectiveness can be determined by the current urine output, hopefully decreasing. 5. It is expected that after his transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, all of B.J.’s anterior pituitary hormones will be deficient (panhypopituitarism). What type of hormone replacement will be needed? With the removal of the pituitary gland, this has abruptly stopped a hormone output completely. B.J. will most likely have to have a life-long treatment plan to produce the hormones needed to regulate bodily organs and functions. Testosterone will be taken for male hypogonadism, hydrocortisone for adrenal insufficiency, levothyroxine for hypothyroidism, growth hormones, and desmopressin to replace the anti-diuretic hormone. 6. What information should be given to B.J. about the expected duration of hormone therapy and monitoring of treatment efficacy? Aside from having a life-term hormone therapy treatment,Show MoreRelatedThe Final Game Before The Championship1185 Words   |  5 PagesParam Mehta English 1/2 (3) Short Story- Rough Draft The final game before the championship. We had been training for a month now and the gruesome work had finally paid off. We were more than ready to march on the field and take the championship. We won our league division and if we won the next game we play then we were headed to the national championship. Our team had never won the championship and we really wanted to win it. In the locker room before the game our coach emphatically said, â€Å"Read MoreExam Topics and Questions (the Final Diagnosis)1561 Words   |  7 Pages served in the Royal Air Force from the start of World War II in 1939 until 1947, Soon he went to live in Canada. Most of his novels were written in the period between 1960s and 1990s. These are Flight into Danger, Hotel, Wheels, The Final Diagnosis. Hailey was best known for writing Airport. Several of them were made into TV shows and films. Airport was adapted to the big screen in 1970 and helped launch the disaster movie genre. Airport became a blockbuster movie with stunningRead MoreEce 313 Week 5 Final Project1497 Words   |  6 PagesECE 313 WEEK 5 FINAL PROJECT To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/ece-313-week-5-final-project/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM ECE 313 WEEK 5 FINAL PROJECT The Final Project will illustrate how family-centered programs, theories, and concepts support the early childhood classroom and the child’s family. The family-centered approach asserts that family involvement is important for a young child’s cognitive and social development. The Final Project, whichRead MoreAcc 281 Week 5 Final Paper1036 Words   |  5 PagesACC 281 WEEK 5 FINAL PAPER To purchase this visit here: http://www.nerdypupil.com/product/acc-281-week-5-final-paper/ Contact us at: nerdypupil@gmail.com ACC 281 WEEK 5 FINAL PAPER Focus of the Final Paper Write an 8 to 10 page Case Analysis of the following article (which can be found in the Ashford Online ProQuest database): Souza, M. McCarty, B. (2007). From bottom to top: How one provider retooled its collections [electronic version]. Healthcare Financial Management, 61(9), 67-73. Read MoreTeam and Final Project Essay625 Words   |  3 PagesLecture for an overview of this weeks material and objectives. Video Episodes View the videos in the weekly Video Episodes section. Team Assignments Team Video Analysis Report In preparation for preparing and submitting the teams Final Project, each week you will create your own consultants notes as you observe various CanGo meetings (via the video episodes/cases). For the week 4 Team report you are to list 6 issues facing CanGo that you gleaned from the week 3 and 4 videos.Read MoreBus 644 Complete Week 6 / Final Paper and Dqs1393 Words   |  6 PagesBUS 644 Complete Week 6 / Final Paper and DQs Purchase here http://chosecourses.com/BUS%20644/bus-644-complete-week-6-final-paper-and-dqs Description BUS 644 Week 6 Final Paper Focus of the Final Paper Read the â€Å"Space Age Furniture Company† case study in Chapter 9 of your text. Answer the following questions: and include any MRP calculations. 1. What options are open to Coral to address this problem? 2. How would reducing the minimum quantity of subassembliesRead MoreItec 630 Final Examination Complete Solution Spring 2015 Final Exam805 Words   |  4 PagesITEC 630 Final Examination complete solution Spring 2015 Final Exam Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/itec-630-final-exm/ Or Visit www.hwcampus.com Please read these instructions carefully. Failure to correctly follow them will adversely impact your grade. †¢ This exam is open-book, open-notes. Do not discuss any aspect of this exam with anyone else – no discussions in conferences, no emails to me †¢ I will grade the exams on-line, therefore: †¢ Do not include anyRead MoreThe Final Solution from Witnesses to the Holocaust688 Words   |  3 Pagespaint a vivid description of ugly, taking place events too hard to take in, and the death of 6 million innocent people. The Final Solution in an excerpt from Witnesses to the Holocaust: An Oral History, where Sam Bankhalter and Hinda Kibort detail their horrifying account of Hitler’s rash and day to day life in the Nazi concentration camps where they were imprisoned. The Final Solution was a plan systematically matriculated by the Nazi to exterminate European Jews by placing them in work camps designedRead MoreEssay on Mgt 520 Final Exam Study1408 Words   |  6 PagesMGMT520 Final Exam Study Guide Finals open on Saturday April 20  at 12:01 a.m. MT (Saturday morning) Finals close on Thursday April 25 at 11:59 p.m. MT (Thursday night) PLEASE DON’T WAIT TILL THE LAST MINUTE – THE SYSTEM IS BUSY AND MAY SLOW DOWN AND ANYTHING CAN HAPPEN. YOU MAY WANT TO PRINT THIS GUIDE. 1. The final exam is open book, open notes. The maximum time you can spend in the exam is 3 hours, 30 minutes. If you have not clicked the Submit For Grade button by then, you will be automaticallyRead MoreAcc 556 Final Exam Latest Str1838 Words   |  8 PagesACC 556 FINAL EXAM LATEST STR To purchase this tutorial visit here: http://mindsblow.us/question_des/ACC556FINALEXAMLATESTSTR/375 contact us at: help@mindblows.us ACC 556 FINAL EXAM LATEST STR ACC 556 Final Exam Part-1 ACC 556 Final Exam Part-2 ACC 556 FINAL EXAM LATEST STR To purchase this tutorial visit here: http://mindsblow.us/question_des/ACC556FINALEXAMLATESTSTR/375 contact us at: help@mindblows.us ACC 556 FINAL EXAM LATEST STR ACC 556 Final Exam Part-1 ACC 556 Final Exam Part-2

Personal Leadership An Effective Leadership Style

PERSONAL LEADERSHIP PORTRAIT Developing an effective leadership style requires one to become aware of their strengths and weakness when operating in the role of a servant leader. Identifying personal preference can assist with better aligning expectations and goals that one would like to see demonstrated in those they lead. Taking on the role as a servant leader requires patience, understanding, and most importantly compassion for others. As a servant leader he or she should always consider ways to make the organization or agency better as a whole. This paper will identify one leadership theory or style that best aligns with my own personal thoughts of what leadership means. This paper will provide information as it pertains to†¦show more content†¦Transformational Leadership style is a leadership style which focuses on the importance of the personal development of others. Transformational leadership motivates and inspires others to operate to their full potential. Transform ational leadership places more focus on improving the overall group performance than singling out just one individual. Transformational leadership is demonstrated in those who provide inspiration to others as well as positive role modeling for those they come in contact with. Transformational leadership best aligns with my own personal thoughts, feelings, and style of leadership when serving others. Transformational leaders transform followers by transforming follower’s values and beliefs (Bradley Charbonneau,2004). Leadership Characteristics As serving in the role of a public service leader my ability to remain compassionate and helpful when interacting with others has enabled me to help create and foster a peaceful environment within my organization. Understanding that everyone has their own special gifts and talents has assisted me with better understanding one’s abilities, strengths and weaknesses. In the field of public service, it is very important that servant leaders encourage others to rise to every occasion both personally and professionally. Being an advocate for growth, change, and humility can ignite the passion and love for the human services filed in others.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Leadership Reflection Plan836 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: LEADERSHIP REFLECTION PAPER Leadership Reflection Paper Shaynee Olson February 18th, 2013 University of Phoenix CUR/510 Dr. Park Abstract The purpose of this research is a self-reflection on the author’s personal leadership style. This research will include qualities of effective leadership, the author’s philosophy of leadership, and examples of the author’s leadership style. This research will also include a reflection of the author’s personal strengths as well as how theRead Moresat 2 Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pages My Leadership Style Analysis WGU Leadership SAT2 Task 1 My Leadership Style Analysis A1. Leadership Style Evaluation There are many different leadership styles. After reading the assigned chapters for this task. I was able to identify my own leadership style as a result. In order to know my leadership style, I took a series of assessments in order to determine my personal leadership style. Assessments I took that helped me to determine my personal leadership style are: â€Å"theRead MoreThe Adoption Of An Effective Leadership Style995 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The adoption of an effective leadership style is necessary to achieve Organizational goals and to enhance productively. According to Riaz, Haider, (2010), organizations are expected to carry out tasks with limited resource to the maximum level in order to maintain the competitive edge and sustain profitability position of the organization. Therefore, it is imperative for organizations to adopt leadership styles with characteristics of motivating, directing and influencing employeesRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy s Moral Lapse1633 Words   |  7 PagesLeaders fail often. The challenges of leadership are often complex and extremely demanding, which often leads to leadership failure. For most failure leads to a dead end while for others growth is achieved from failures. From former president John F. Kennedy’s moral lapse to the defeats of Apple founder Steve Jobs, the road to leadership can be devastating. Being a leader is fluid, and involves many unforeseen factors and traits. John F. Kennedy as this countries leader helped pave the way forRead MoreLeadership Styles With Personal Leadership Style973 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership Leadership is a vital part of the business environment because it entails of giving direction to member in order to accomplish a common goal. Leadership styles are important aspects of an organization because certain techniques are more effective in different situations. When leadership is effective, then the outcomes are positive and desired goals are attained. This paper will explore the different leadership styles with reference to my own personal leadership style. It will give reasonsRead MorePersonal Leadership Philosophy Of A Healthcare Organization1627 Words   |  7 PagesPERSONAL LEADERSHIP PHILOSOPHY We live and operate in a reasonably diverse world, and consequently our operations come with a variability of values and beliefs from multicultural backgrounds. As a leader in a healthcare organization I must explore the organizational beliefs, vision, team motivations in order to accomplish the perceived vision successfully and professionally. It is my responsibility as a leader to effectively articulate the identified vision of the organization and motivateRead MoreThe Teacher Leadership Compensation Model Essay1245 Words   |  5 Pagesliterature pertaining to educational leadership, including general theoretical concepts of effective leaders, trends in educational leadership, effective personal leadership traits of school leaders, and the Iowa Teacher Leadership Compensation model. First, this review provides a foundation by examining theoretical concepts in general leadership theories. It focuses on historical trends in general leadership as we as general personal leader ship traits of effective leaders. Next, this review providesRead MoreContingency Leadership Theories and Effective Leadership800 Words   |  4 PagesContingency Leadership Theories and Effective Leadership Contingency leadership theories attempt to define leadership style, the situation, and answer the if-then contingencies. Situational leadership theory is a contingency theory that focuses on followers’ readiness: the extent to which people have the ability and willingness to accomplish a specific task. Path-goal theory states that it is the leader’s job to assist followers in attaining their goals and to provide direction or support neededRead MoreThe Nine Leadership Styles The Following Styles1195 Words   |  5 Pagesnine leadership styles the following styles: ______ mostly closely mirror my personal perspective. Each of these leadership philosophies has its own distinct advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, each is congruent with what I believe is necessary to craft the ideal leader. Through the combined usage of these styles I strive to emulate the wholesomeness of leadership as I am continuously exposed to the nuances experienced by leaders. Furthermore, th ey are in unison with the most effective leadershipRead MoreThe Importance Of Harmony And Effective Communication Within The Group1375 Words   |  6 Pages Different members of a group have varying personalities and styles. Individuals can be divided into groups depending on their leadership styles. There exist four main groups that each represents a unique leadership style: Harmony, Excellence, Action-oriented, and Reason-oriented. Harmony group consists of leaders who emphasize the importance of harmony and effective communication within the group. Excellence group consists of leaders who have the tendency to set high standards for the group

Supply Chains Free Essays

Question #2-Define the supply chains for the following products from the first source of raw materials to the first customer. A) Big Mac, B) Gasoline, C) Automobile repair, D) A Text book. Supply chain, its management, performance measures and improvement approaches. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chains or any similar topic only for you Order Now As an extension of the systems point of view, the system dynamics inherent in the supply chain are illustrated and the coordination in the supply chain is emphasized. Five areas where measurement of supply chain performance should be made are discussed. The five areas are on-time delivery, quality, time (business cycle) total delivered cost and flexibility. The first step in devising an effective supply chain is to consider the nature of demand for the product. For this many aspects are important: Product life cycle, demand predictability, product variety etc. But any product can be broadly classified into as either a Functional Product or an Innovative Product based on their demand patterns. Root cause for ineffectiveness of any supply chain is the mismatch between the type of product and the type of supply chain. Functional Products are generally staples or those generally bought from the grocery stores or retail outlets. They have stable demands are price variations do not affect the demand drastically. Such products have long life cycles but they invite competition and usually have low profit margins. The supply chain performs two different types of functions: 1) A physical function and 2) A market mediation function. The physical function deals with production for goods, movement of raw materials etc; while the market mediation function ensures that the variety of products reaching the marketplace match those that the consumers want to buy. Each of these functions incurs different costs. The physical costs include costs of production, inventory shortage and transportation while the market mediation costs arise when there is a mismatch between demand and supply. If supply demand, the product has to be sold at a loss otherwise it results in loss of opportunities and dissatisfied customers. Supply chain management is planning, design and control of the flow of information and materials along the supply chain in order to meet customer requirements in an efficient manner, now and in the future. Demand management is managing the demand for goods or services along the supply chain. Therefore, demand management is complementary to supply chain management and controls the levels of demand on the system. Big-Mac – (1) Suppliers of beef, vegetables, bread (2) Factories and distribution centers, (3) The franchises that sell Big Mac, (4) The customers. Raw materials- The raw materials are the ingredients that will go into producing the finished product. For McDonald’s, these will include the buns, beef patties, paper cups, salad ingredients and packaging. These are delivered to the restaurants between 3 and 5 times a week. The raw materials arrive together on one heavy truck with three sections so that each product can be stored at a suitable temperature. The three sections are: frozen†¢ chilled†¢ ambient – which means foods that can be stored at room temperature. This applies to items such as coffee or sugar sachets. Work-in-progress (WIP) refers to stocks that are in the process of being made into finished product. A Big Mac consists of a bun, two beef patties, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions, sauce and a small amount of seasoning. The restaurant will only combine these items just before the customer orders them so the Big Macs are hot and fresh when served. Finished products are goods that are ready for immediate sale to a customer. At any one time, a restaurant will have a range of products ready for sale. Many of these will include finished products like Filet-o-Fish, Big Macs and side salads. At McDonald’s, all raw materials, work-in-progress and finished products are handled on first In, First out (FIFO) basis. This means raw materials are used in the order they are received. Therefore stock is always fresh because products are sold in the order they are made. If the process First In, Last out (FILO) was used, then the finished product would be dry and unappealing because the first one prepared is the last one sold temperature. Benefits to customers and restaurants – The centralized stock management system generates many benefits. Many of these are for restaurants and Restaurant Managers. However, customers also benefit through improved customer experience – customers can eat a quality product, in a clean environment, when they want it. Benefits include: 1. Restaurants avoid running out of stock. As a result, customers can always receive what they order. 2. The system eliminates inexperience in the ordering. The system enables a new Restaurant Manager to ensure the order is right first time. 3. Time saved in ordering as the system calculates how much is required. 4. Orders are based on the current stocks. The Restaurant Manager simply inputs the current stock level. 5. Less waste means food costs are reduced. This cost saving is then passed on in better value for money for customers. 6. The amount of stock ordered for promotions is more accurate, being based on past performance. 7. There is a reduction in the need for emergency deliveries, saving money. . Stock levels are always at Optimum level, helping to ensure sales and the freshest product. 9. Stock can be reduced automatically at the end of a promotion, avoiding too much stock. Gasoline – Different stages in petroleum supply chain: Exploration Production Refining marketing Consumer. Exploration: Seismic, geophysical and geological operations. Production: Drilling, reser voir, production and facilities engineering. Refining: is a complex operation and its output is the input to marketing. Marketing: is the retail sale of gasoline, engine oil and other refined products. Oil drilling-Before petroleum can be used, it is sent to a refinery where it is physically, thermally and chemically separated into fractions and then converted into finished products. About 90% of these products are fuels such as gasoline, aviation fuels, distillate and residual oil, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), coke (not the refreshment) and kerosene. Refineries also produce non-fuel products, including petrochemicals, asphalt, road oil, lubricants, solvents and wax. Petrochemicals (ethylene, propylene, benzene and others) are shipped to chemical plants, where they are used to manufacture chemicals and plastics. There are two major sectors within the oil industry, upstream and downstream. For the purposes of this tutorial we will focus on upstream, which is the process of extracting the oil and refining it. Downstream is the commercial side of the business, such as gas stations or the delivery of oil for heat. Oil Drilling and Services- Oil drilling and services are broken into two major areas: drilling and oilfield services. Drilling – Drilling companies physically drill and pump oil out of the ground. The drilling industry has always been classified as highly skilled. The people with the skills and expertise to operate drilling equipment are in high demand, which means that for oil company to have these people on staff all the time can cost a lot. For this reason, most drilling companies are simply contractors who are hired by oil and gas producers for a specified period of time. In the drilling industry, there are several different types of rigs, each with a specialized purpose. Some of these include: Land Rigs – Drilling depths ranges from 5,000 to 30,000 feet. Submersible Rigs – Used for ocean, lake and swamp drilling. The bottom parts of these Rigs are: submerged to the sea’s floor and the platform are on top of the water. Jack-ups – this type of rig has three legs and a triangular platform which is jacked-up above the highest anticipated waves. Drill Ships – These look like tankers/ships, but they travel the oceans in search of oil in extremely deep water. Oilfield Services – Oilfield service companies assist the drilling companies in setting up oil and gas wells. In general these companies manufacture, repair and maintain equipment used in oil extraction and transport. More specifically, these services can include: Seismic Testing – This involves mapping the geological structure beneath the surface. Transport Services – Both land and water rigs need to be moved around at some point in time. Oil Refining – The refining business is not quite as fragmented as the drilling and services industry. This sector is dominated by a small handful of large players. In fact, much of the energy industry is ruled by large, integrated oil companies. Integrated refers to the fact that many of these companies look after all factors of production, refining and marketing. For the most part, refining is a slow and stable business. The large amounts of capital investment means that very few companies can afford to enter this business. This handbook will try to focus more on oil equipment and services such as drilling and support services. Oil and gas: Unique supply chain – In the oil and gas supply chain, process control has historically included safety solutions, such as fire detectors and high-integrity pressure protection systems, but not physical security, such as intrusion detection, access control, and video surveillance. Nor have these facilities employed considered abnormal situation management or cyber security. All of these elements of safety and security are important; each has unique business and technical challenges. Generally, there are no industry standards or norms for an integrated safety and security solution applied within the oil and gas supply chain. For example, there is no standard for interfacing access control or perimeter intrusion alarms with process control systems. Additionally, the systems in many facilities come from separate vendors and different business dynamics often apply. Security technology now applied in industrial sites, for example, originates from commercial building security technology, which may not be suitable for an industrial facility or geographically distributed pipeline. There are also unique internal conditions that present challenges. These conditions include lower staff ratios, unmanned installations, widely dispersed assets, significant use of unsecured public telecommunications infrastructure, exposable products, and low technology maturity. Distribution Planning: Generating operational plans for distribution. These modules are supported by various enablers that facilitate planning activity that include: (1) Supply Chain Database (SCD), (2) Geographical Information System (GIS), (3) Data Interfaces The production and the Supply and Distribution (SD) structure forms the basis on which the optimized plan for the entire organization is generated. This corporate plan is communicated to distribution modules and the production planning modules to generate operational plans . The optimized plan for the entire corporation is also used as a basis for feedstock selection runs. GIS can be used to obtain the distances between locations, which are used as a basis for freight calculation. Raw Material Supplies: Process industry has limited choice of suppliers for raw material supplies in petroleum industry are dominated by cartels. It is a sellers market where supply of raw material prices is highly unstable and fluctuating on weekly or even daily basis. Fluctuating prices directly affect the supply chain costs and prices of final product. Automobile repair- suppliers of automobile repair tools and parts: warehouses for the parts, repair shops, customers’ cars. Raw Materials – Glass, steel, rubber, plastic, copper, lithium, silicon, aluminum. Some of the raw materials used for cars are: aluminum, steel (body parts), titanium (some exhaust systems) and platinum (inside catalytic converters). It’s always best for the translation services provider to be embedded into the manufacturing supply chain in order to be able to apply understand it from inside and accurately interpret the important aspects of the lucrative international auto parts industry and its successful marketing. Hire professional translators that have knowledge across diverse technical fields. These fields include, but are not limited to: mechanical electrical engineering, automation technology, electronics and microelectronics, navigation systems, board computers, wiring, air conditioning, paneling, service and diagnostics. This would ensure that all the technical terms used in the translation are in accordance to the standards familiar to the local market assembly workers, mechanics, engineers, suppliers and end-customers. Auto parts are built or remanufactured to replace damaged or worn OE parts, while the accessories are parts sold after the original sale of a vehicle intended to add to the comfort, convenience, performance, safety or customization of that vehicle. The Auto parts are shipped using both truck transports and railroads to move vehicles to dealerships, although air freight may be used if critical parts are needed as soon as possible in order to keep an assembly line moving. Offshore exports and imports are handled by ship. In addition to OE and OES parts, shipments also may include auto parts destined for the various national and regional parts distribution networks serving the aftermarket segments of the world. OES parts, like automobile sales, have traditionally been handled through the franchised independent dealership networks in the major markets of the world. In the United States, the National Automobile Dealers Association some franchised for car and truck dealers also separate franchises, both domestic and international. The independent aftermarket distribution networks are much more complex. There are approximately 45,000 companies engaged in the wholesale and retail auto parts. The aftermarket has traditionally consisted of wholesalers who purchase parts and components from the manufacturers; jobbers, intermediaries between wholesale distributors and retail operation; and the retail outlets. They supply for the following areas with an emphasis on hand tools: -Engine repair – high quality engine repair, maintenance and tuning supplies. Auto body tools – tooling and accessories to get cars into shape. -Air conditioning – testing and maintaining a/c systems. -Electrical diagnostic tools – testers and diagnostic equipment for car electric systems and components. -Under-car – adjustment products to steering, brakes, clutch, etc. other Text book – Suppliers of pulp, paper manufacturer, publisher, printing press, bookstores, and customers. A book can be broadly de fined as a written document of at least 49 text pages that communicates thoughts, ideas, or information. Raw Materials-Books are made from a variety of different coated and uncoated paper stocks that differ in weight and size. In addition, different color inks may be used. Also, while front and back covers are generally made from a heavier stock of paper, they will vary in terms of weight. Pulp logs, wood chips, pulp, and recovered paper are the raw materials used to make these paper products. Pulp logs are wood destined to be made into pulp. To make paper, trees are harvested, debarked, and chipped. For example, hardback books have a durable cardboard stock cover while paperback books are made from a thinner paper stock. Usually, cover stocks are coated with different colors or designs. Since the nineteenth century, book production has entailed the use of sophisticated machinery, including typesetting machines, a web or sheet-fed printing press, and book binding machines. Design-The process of designing a book is ongoing throughout the stages of production. Initially, the author, in conjunction with an editor and book agent, will consider elements of design that pertain to the scope and purpose of the book, the desired approach to the subject matter, whether illustrations should be used, and other issues such as chapter headings and their placement. In determining those elements, the intended audience for the manuscript will be considered, along with accepted editorial standards. Other design considerations include whether a book should have a preface, a foreword, a glossary to define specific terms, an index to reference key words and concepts, and an appendix of supplementary material. Once the book manuscript is written, editors and authors must refine the manuscript to attain a final edited version prior to production: page size and style ,typeface size and style ,the type and weight of paper for the text and cover ,use of color ,presentation of visuals/illustrations in the text, if needed ,cover art/illustrations. The Manufacturing Process -After the book is written and appropriate design elements are agreed upon, book production can begin. The first stage typesetting, pages and mechanical, filming, stripping, blueprints, plate is making and them printing Binding. To help ensure that a quality product is produced; print shops conduct a number of periodic checks. In addition to checking blueprints for accuracy, printers will pull a press proof, or sample, before the print run is begun. If certain areas of the proof are too light or too dark, adjustments to the press may be required. After the book signatures are sewn together, the print shop will spot-check them to make sure they have been folded and sewn correctly. They will also check to see if the book covers are properly bound to prevent the books from deteriorating with use. Because desktop publishing is relatively new, changes and enhancements continue to make the systems more user-friendly. As more people gain access to such systems, book publication and publishing in general will see more widespread use of desktop publishing in the future. 16-Explain what is meant by cross-docking, and describe the associated benefits Cross docking is a distribution system where items received at the warehouse are not received into stock, but are prepared for shipment to another location or for retail stores. Cross docking can realize a cost reduction by skipping put away and retrieval steps. Benefits-Many companies have benefitted from using cross docking. Some of the benefits include: -Reduction in labor costs, as the products no longer requires picking and put away in the warehouse. -Reduction in the time from production to the customer, which helps improve customer satisfaction. -Reduction in the need for warehouse space, as there is no requirement to storage the products. Types of Cross Docking -There are a number of cross docking scenarios that are available to the warehouse management. Companies will use the type of cross docking that is applicable to the type of products that they are shipping. Manufacturing Cross Docking – This procedure involves the receiving of purchased and inbound products that are required by manufacturing. The warehouse may receive the products and prepare sub-assemblies for the production orders. -Distributor Cross Docking – This process consolidates inbound products from different vendors into a mixed product pallet, which is delivered to the customer when the final item is received. For example, computer parts distributors can source their components from various vendors and combine them into one shipment for the customer. Transportation Cross Docking – This operation combines shipments from a number of different carriers in the less-than-truckload (LTL) and small package industries to gain economies of scale. -Retail Cross Docking – This process involves the receipt of products from multiple vendors and sorting onto outbound trucks for a number of retail stores. This method was used by Wal-Mart in the 1980’s. They would procure two types of products, items they sell each day of the year, called staple stock, and large quantities products which is purchas ed once and sold by the stores and not usually stocked again. This second type of procurement is called direct freight and Wal-Mart minimize any warehouse costs with direct freight by using cross docking and keeping it in the warehouse for as little time as possible. -Opportunistic Cross Docking – This can be used in any warehouse, transferring a product directly from the goods receiving dock to the outbound shipping dock to meet a known demand, i. e. a customer sales order. Products Suitable for Cross Docking There are materials that are better suited to cross docking than others. The list below shows a number of types of material that are more suited to cross docking. -Perishable items that require immediate shipment -High quality items that do not require quality inspections during goods receipt -Products that are pre-tagged (bar coded, RFID), pre-ticketed, and ready for sale at the customer -Promotional items and items that are being launched. -Staple retail products with a constant demand or low demand variance -Pre-picked, pre-packaged customer orders from another production plant or warehouse How to cite Supply Chains, Papers

Diode for Nitride Semiconductor Blue Lasers- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theDiode for Nitride Semiconductor Blue Lasers. Answer: Diode is an electronic device that is supposedly two dimensional in nature. This property of diode ensured that there is flow of current in one direction only. This property of diode makes them unidirectional in nature (Grundmann, 2015). The basic purpose of the diodes is to rectify the waveforms that are in the present in the radio detectors or are present in the power supplies. Diodes finds there importance in the circuits where the requirements of the circuits are to flow the current only in one direction. Laser diodes has been one of the most important diode is used in the market due t its application. Laser diode Laser diode is the semiconductor laser that highly resembles with the light emitting diode. Dr. Robert Hall invented the ladser diode in the year 1962. The diodes main function is to emit laser beam form by bouncing the photons and putting it in the oscillatory motion (Chichibu and Nakamura, 2014). The bounce of the photon is made in between the positive and the negative type semiconductor that is kept at a distance of one micrometer. This technology uses process same as the conventional lasers. This used to pump the photons repetitively in between two mirror slices, which emitted laser beam of light. Laser diode is a forward biased diode, which has two carriers namely the holes and the electrons. The forward biasing done in the diodes enables the electron and the hole are pumped on to the opposite side of the p-n junction into the depleted side of the diode that has charge carriers present. Due to the fact of injecting the charged particles for the flow of charge it is known as the injection laser diodes. Working The working of the laser diode requires three main steps, they are namely: - Energy absorption The laser diode basically has a p-n junction in which the holes of the diode and the electrons of the diode dwells. Holes is nothing but the absence of the electron in the diode is termed as the holes. When a particular voltage is applied to the p-n junction, the injected en energy is absorbed by the negatively charged electron which gets charged up and the transition process begins. This transition takes the electron to the higher level. The electron that move to the higher level stay their without combining with the holes for few nano seconds. Spontaneous emission After the electrons complete the lifeline of staying in the upper level without combining with the holes the electrons fall apart t the lower energy level the energy that is released during the electron the fell from the higher energy level produces the charge of the photon (Petermann, 2018). This process of producing the electron radiation is also used for the production of light in light emission diodes. The energy that is transferred to the photon is due to the energy level differences. Stimulated emission Coherent photons more than one are needed from the laser diode for this process than that of the spontaneous emission process. Two mirror are placed in the either sides of the p-n junction this ensured that the charge gets strides in the process (Ghafouri-Shiraz, 2016). This causes the fact of combination of the electron with the holes due to the charge that has been produced by the photon. When the concentration level reaches the threshold level the bright monochromatic light is produced. Application of Laser diode Laser diode are used for the application in the field of industry as well as in the field of life science and instrumentation industries. Industrial applications- the usage of laser diode is used for the case of dental medication and diagnosing cancer cells. Telecom communication- In the telecom field 1.3 m and 1.55 m band, laser diodes are used as the main source of light for the silica fiber. Construction The construction of the laser diode is the same as that of the light emitting diode. The construction of the diode is very simplified in nature. Gallium arsenide, which is pure in n nature, is doped with the selenium, aluminum (Ross, 2015). Same results are expected even when the pure form of Gallium arsenide is dope with the silicon. This doping is used to create a p-type and n-type semiconductor material (Kearney, Metrologic Instruments Inc, 2014). Despite the fact of doping the un doped intrinsic layer of gallium is placed by the methodology of sandwiching the layers in between the P-N junctions. This is the layer where the laser light is produced. Figure: Construction of Laser diode Reference Chichibu, S.F. and Nakamura, S., 2014.Introduction to nitride semiconductor blue lasers and light emitting diodes. CRC Press. Ghafouri-Shiraz, H., 2016.Fundamentals of laser diode amplifiers. J. Wiley, Grundmann, M., 2015.The Physics of Semiconductors: An Introduction Including Nanophysics and Applications. Springer. Kearney, S.P., Metrologic Instruments Inc, 2014.Method of and apparatus for multiplying raster scanning lines by modulating a multi-cavity laser diode. U.S. Patent 8,678,285. Petermann, K., 2018.Laser diode modulation and noise(Vol. 3). Springer Science Business Media. Ross, M., 2015. YAG laser operation by semiconductor laser pumping.Proceedings of the IEEE,56(2), pp.196-197.